Grammar Simple Present and Past

COMPLEJO EDUCATIVO REPARTO VALLE NUEVO SIMPLE PRESENT AND SIMPLE PAST TENSE Subject: English Students: Andrade Ramos, Maria Emeli Argueta Moran, Leslie Evelyn Ceron Escobar, Maura Elena Escobar Caceres, Marjorie Naydine Romero Regalado, Leticia Yamileth Grade:11th Assignment due to: Tuesday, April 9th, 2013 Simple Present Tense Grammatical Structures: Subject+Auxiliary verb+main verb (do) (base) There are three important exceptions: * For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary. * For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add â€Å"s â€Å"to the main verb or â€Å"es† to the auxiliary. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives. * Afirmative: Subject + Verb(Present) + Complement. Examples: 1. I play tennis. 2. He dances salsa music. 3. They eat breakfast. 4. The boy goes to school. 5. You need help. * Negative: Subject + Auxiliary (Do not/ does not) + Verb (Base form) + Complement. Examples: 1. I don’t play t ennis. 2. He doesn’t dance salsa music. 3. They don’t eat breakfast. 4. The boy doesn’t go to school. 5. You don’t need help. * Interrogative Questions (yes/no) Auxiliary (Do/does)+ Subject + Verb (Base form) + Complement. Examples: . Do you play tennis? 2. Does he dance salsa music? 3. Do they eat breakfast? 4. Does the boy go to school? 5. Do you need help? * Information Questions WH Question Word + Auxiliary(Do/does) + Subject + Verb(Base form) + Complement. Examples: 1. When do you play tennis? 2. Why does he dance salsa music? 3. What do they eat for breakfast? 4. How does the boy go to school? 5. When do you need help? Use: We use the present simple tense when: * the action is general. * the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future. * the action is not only happening now. the statement is always true. Examples: 1. The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. 2. Cats like milk. 3. The party starts at 8 o'clock. 4. He has his passport in his hand. Time Expressions We often use some adverbs of frequency with the simple present tense to state how often somebody does something. Adverbs commonly used with the simple present tense are: always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely and never. Note that the adverbs of frequency usually go before the verb. Structure: Subjetc + Adverb + verb (present) + complement. Examples: 1. He often visits his grandparents. 2.I usually get up early. 3. She always carries an umbrella. 4. He never gets angry. 5. I sometimes read foreign periodicals. 6. They rarely watch TV. 7. She frequently buys detective stories. Simple Past Tense Grammatical Structures: Subject+Auxiliary verb+main verb (did) (base) In general, if we say the time or place of the event, we must use the past simple tense; we cannot use the present perfect. * Affirmative: Subject + Verb(Past) + Complement. Examples: 1. You swam in the pool. 2. She got up early. 3. They began to sing. 4. Karla stud ied for her test. 5. I understood the class. Negative: Subject + Auxiliary(did not) + Verb (Base form) + Complement. Examples: 1. You didn’t swim in the pool. 2. She didn’t got up early. 3. They didn’t begin to sing. 4. Karla didn’t study for her test. 5. I didn’t understand the class. * Interrogative Questions (yes/no) Auxiliary (Did)+ Subject + Verb (Base form) + Complement. Examples: 1. Did you swim in the pool?. 2. Did she get up early?. 3. Did they begin to sing?. 4. Did Karla study for her test?. 5. Did you understand the class?. * Information Questions WH Question Word + Auxiliary (Did) + Subject + Verb(Base form) + Complement.Examples: 1. When did you swim in the pool?. 2. Why did she get up early?. 3. What did they begin to sing?. 4. When did Karla study for her test?. 5. How did you understand the class?. Uses: We use the past simple tense to talk about an action or a situation – an event – in the past. The event can be shor t or long. We use the past simple tense when: * the event is in the past. * the event is completely finished. * we say (or understand) the time and/or place of the event. * to list a series of completed actions in the past. Examples: 1. I saw a movie yesterday. 2.I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. 3. I lived in Brazil for two years. 4. He played the violin. 5. She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing. Expressions: Structure: Subject + verb (past) + complement+ time adverbial. Or Subject + adverb + verb (past) + complement. Common time expressions (time adverbials) in the Simple past are: * * yesterday * the other day * just now * the day before yesterday * always * only * never * ever * still * just Examples: 1. I cleaned the sink yesterday. 2. She hung out with her friends the other day. 3. They always spoke English.